ePlus inc. (PLUS): what the price assumes
In the published model solve dated 2026-Q2, anchored at $94.68, ePlus inc. (PLUS) is priced for +7.3% growth. boothcheck publishes no house fair value, target price, or buy/sell rating; individual model outputs and user-controlled scenarios are analytical inputs, not Boothcheck targets. Narrative composed 2026-06-28.
Generated: 2026-08-10 · Exported: 2026-08-12 · Source: https://boothcheck.com/report/PLUS
Headline
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Ticker | PLUS |
| Company | ePlus inc. |
| Current price | $94.68/sh |
| Composition | Product - Networking 38% / Product - Cloud 27% / Product - Security 10% / Product - Collaboration 2% / Product - Other 3% / Professional services 11% / Managed services 8% |
What The Price Assumes (Inversion)
The assumption today's price embeds, recovered by inverting the valuation.
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Inversion basis | whole-company |
| Operating margin (value-band context) | 2.3% |
| Operating margin today | 6.8% |
| Margin compression (value-band) | -4.5pp |
| Implied growth | 7.3% |
| Multiple paid | 13x operating income |
The operating-margin figure is value-band context at year 12: derived from the framework's value band, a separate calculation — not part of the priced-in solve.
Solve inputs: computed at a 10% cost of capital with 4% terminal growth over a 5-year stage; each 1pp of cost of capital moves the implied operating-profit growth ~5.6pp.
How unusual the bet is: within-range (limited comparison data)
| Reference | Value |
|---|---|
| vs own history | -0.13σ |
| implied end-window share | 0% |
Valuation X-Ray
The price is justified by relative-multiple; asset-based/earnings-power land below the price.
How the valuation models price the stock relative to the market price. Price/FV above 1.0 means the market pays more than that lens defends (expensive); at or below 1.0 the lens can defend the price.
| Family | Median price/FV | Models | Reads |
|---|---|---|---|
| Asset | 1.51x | 5 | expensive |
| Earnings | 1.74x | 3 | expensive |
| Relative | 0.58x | 2 | justifies |
| Growth | 1.32x | 1 | expensive |
Families that justify the price: Relative Families that call it expensive: Asset, Earnings
The models below discount at their own flat-beta convention rates (cost of equity 9.3%, WACC 9.0%); the inversion above states its own rate.
Per-Model Detail (n=11)
| Model | Family | FV | Price/FV | Applicable | Methodology |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DCF Perpetual Growth | Growth | $0.00 | — | no | Negative/zero FCF — equity value floored at $0 |
| DCF Exit Multiple | Growth | $0.00 | — | no | Negative/zero FCF or EBITDA — equity value floored at $0 |
| Relative Valuation | Relative | — | — | no | P/E 18x (static sector reference · 2026-04), scenarios: 14.6x / 18.0x / 21.4x (bear / base = reference held flat / bull), EV/EBITDA 12x |
| Simple DDM | Growth | — | — | no | — |
| Two-Stage DDM | Growth | — | — | no | — |
| Simple Excess Return | Asset | $54.55 | 1.74x | yes | BV/sh $40.66, ROE (TTM) 12.4%, ke 9.3% |
| Two-Stage Excess Return | Asset | $62.74 | 1.51x | yes | 5yr excess ROE then converge to ke=9.3% |
| Discounted Future Market Cap | Growth | $71.67 | 1.32x | yes | Rev $2.4B, growth 22% (input: historical growth; tapered), Terminal P/S: 0.8x / 1.0x / 1.2x (bear / base = today's held flat / bull, cap 12x) |
| Peter Lynch Fair Value | Relative | $142.89 | 0.66x | yes | EPS $5.03, growth 28% (input: historical EPS growth), PEG=0.66 (Undervalued) |
| Margin Trajectory | Growth | — | — | no | — |
| Earnings Power Value | Earnings | $33.57 | 2.82x | yes | Normalized EBIT (5y avg op income, one-time charges added back) $0.14B × (1−31%) / WACC 9.0% → EPV (no growth) |
| Residual Income | Asset | $64.43 | 1.47x | yes | BV $40.66 + 5yr PV of (ROE (TTM) 12.4% − Kₑ 9.3%) × BV; BV grows 8.1%/yr |
| Graham Number | Asset | $67.84 | 1.40x | yes | √(22.5 × EPS $5.03 × BVPS $40.66) — Graham's conservative floor |
| EV/EBITDA Relative | Relative | — | — | no | EBITDA $0.19B × sector EV/EBITDA 12.0x |
| FCF Yield | Earnings | — | — | no | — |
| SBC-Adj FCF Yield | Earnings | — | — | no | — |
| Ben Graham Formula | Earnings | $162.30 | 0.58x | yes | EPS $5.03 × (8.5 + 2×15.0%) × (4.4 / 5.3%) |
| ROIC-Justified P/B | Asset | $15.20 | 6.23x | yes | BV $40.66 × (ROIC 3.4% / WACC 9.0%) |
| P/Sales Sector | Relative | — | — | no | Revenue $2.44B × sector P/S 2.5x |
| PEG Fair Value | Relative | $188.63 | 0.50x | yes | EPS $5.03 × (PEG 1.5 × growth 25.0% (input: historical EPS growth)) → PE 37.5x |
| Earnings Yield | Earnings | $54.38 | 1.74x | yes | EPS $5.03 / required return 9.3% (Rf 4.3% + ERP 5.0%) |
| Funds From Operations Multiple | Relative | — | — | no | — |
| Clinical Phase NPV | Growth | — | — | no | — |
| Merton | Asset | — | — | no | — |
| V5 Mechanical | — | — | — | no | — |
Economic-Unit Decomposition (Sum Of The Parts)
One or more material disclosed units has unresolved economics. Unknown/general is not evidence of homogeneity: segment SOTP is primary but incomplete, consolidated cash flow may remain only a secondary cross-check when every unit shares an enterprise basis, and one sector multiple or target margin is withheld.
| Unit | Role | Valuation basis | Revenue | Reported profit | Value evidence | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Product | operating | enterprise | $2.0b | — | withheld | unresolved no unit value |
| Professional services | operating | enterprise | $273.4m | — | withheld | unresolved no unit value |
| Managed services | operating | enterprise | $189.4m | — | withheld | unresolved no unit value |
No total common-equity value is stated. One or more material units lack a supported unit value. The displayed values are an indicative subtotal; consolidated debt and cash cannot be applied to a fraction of the company.
Solvency
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Net cash | $344.5m |
| Net debt / NOPAT (after-tax) | -3.02x (net cash) |
| Net debt / operating income (pre-tax) | -2.07x (net cash) |
| Share count CAGR (buyback) | -0.6% |
| Burning cash | yes |
Interest expense is not separately reported in the latest filings, so interest coverage cannot be computed.
Bullet Takeaways
- The price sits within the range the methods support, not above it. At about $82 the market pays roughly 13 times company-wide operating income, which inverts to about 6.7% annual operating growth for five years, a pace ePlus has comfortably delivered. The relative-multiple frame justifies the price; the earnings-power frame says it is modestly full.
- Fiscal 2026 was a strong year: revenue up 22% to $2.4 billion, gross billings up 17% to $3.8 billion, services revenue up 15.6%, and adjusted EBITDA up 50% to $205 million, driven by AI-related infrastructure spending on cloud, compute, storage, and networking.
- The balance sheet is clean, with about $328 million of net cash and an 8% dividend increase to $0.27 per quarter, but the business is a value-added reseller, so its durable challenge is keeping product from being commoditized while shifting mix toward higher-margin services.
Bull Case
Start with where the price sits against the methods, because for ePlus the spread is unusually reasonable. At about $82 (June 28, 2026) the market pays roughly 13 times company-wide operating income, and the inverted price implies only about 6.7% annual operating growth, well within what ePlus has recently delivered. The relative-multiple frame lands near or above the price (sector P/E and EV/EBITDA methods in the high-$90s to $100s), the asset family clusters in the low-$60s on a $40.66 book value, and the earnings-power value sits lower. Unlike the extreme-premium names, ePlus is not asking the buyer to underwrite a heroic outcome; the price is broadly consistent with the business growing at a modest, achievable pace, which the engine labels within range.
The recent results show why that modest assumption looks conservative. Fiscal 2026 revenue grew 22% to $2.4 billion, gross billings rose 17% to $3.8 billion, services revenue increased 15.6% to $462.9 million, and adjusted EBITDA jumped 50% to $205 million with net earnings from continuing operations up 62.4%. The driver is structural: enterprise AI adoption is pulling spend across cloud, compute, storage, and networking, and ePlus sits as the integrator that designs, sources, and deploys that infrastructure. Q4 gross billings grew nearly 12% to $881 million on sustained AI, cloud, and networking demand. A reseller riding the AI infrastructure buildout, with gross margin improving to 25.8%, is benefiting from the same wave lifting the hardware vendors, but with less capital intensity.
The mix shift and balance sheet are the quality layer. Management's explicit objective is to raise the services share of gross profit toward 25%, which would lift the company's valuation multiple toward peers, because professional and managed services are stickier and higher-margin than product resale. ePlus is executing on that through strategic relationships with Cisco, NVIDIA, and Pure Storage to deliver advanced solutions globally. The balance sheet is pristine, about $328 million of net cash, roughly $411 million of total cash against modest debt, which funded an 8% dividend increase to $0.27 per quarter. A debt-free, cash-generative integrator growing services into the AI cycle, priced near the value its own methods support, is a reasonable-risk way to participate in enterprise technology spending.
Bear Case
The competitive-disruption case is the right lead, because ePlus is fundamentally a reseller, and the thing that erodes a reseller is commoditization of the product it resells. Its own 10-K names the threat directly: it competes against local, regional, national, and international firms including vendors, consulting firms, resellers, and service providers, and some competitors are direct marketers with little value-add who sell products as commodities, which places downward pressure on product margins. About 81% of ePlus revenue is product, the lowest-margin part of the mix, and that is exactly the part most exposed to price competition. The filing also warns that vendors of the products it finances, or financial partners, may choose to market directly to customers through captive leasing organizations or banks with lower cost of funds, undercutting ePlus on rate. The reseller model only works as long as customers value the integration enough to pay for it.
The vendor relationships that power the bull case are also a concentration risk. ePlus depends on a small number of major vendors, Cisco, NVIDIA, Pure Storage, for the products it sells and for the partner economics (rebates, incentives, certifications) that support its margins. That dependence means a change in any key vendor's channel strategy, pricing, or incentive structure can move ePlus margins materially, and the company does not control those decisions. The same AI demand that is lifting results today is drawing intense competition from every other integrator and from the vendors themselves, and as AI-infrastructure procurement matures, large customers may consolidate purchasing or push for direct vendor relationships, squeezing the middleman.
The valuation, while reasonable, leaves limited cushion if the mix shift stalls or product margins compress. The earnings-power value, capitalizing normalized operating income with no growth, lands in the mid-$30s, well below the price, which means the premium to a no-growth base depends on ePlus continuing to grow and on the services mix rising. Reported free cash flow was negative in the trailing window (working capital in a fast-growing distribution business consumes cash as inventory and receivables build), so the cash-flow-based frames are gated off, and the company's profit margin actually ticked down slightly year over year even as revenue surged. If AI-driven hardware demand cools, if product margins erode under commodity pressure, or if the push toward 25% services gross profit takes longer than planned, the modest growth the price assumes becomes harder to clear, and the earnings-power frame, which already says the stock is full, becomes the more honest anchor.
Valuation
ePlus is one of the more balanced valuations in the group, with the price sitting inside the range the methods support rather than above it. At about $82 the market pays roughly 13 times company-wide operating income, which inverts to about 6.7% annual operating growth over a five-year stage, solved at a 10.1% cost of capital with 4% terminal growth. The engine notes that pace is within what ePlus has recently delivered, so the implied bet is undemanding. The composite reads within range, neither cheap nor stretched.
The method cross-section is split in a way that frames the debate. The relative family is supportive: the sector P/E method lands near $104, EV/EBITDA near $100, and the growth-adjusted Lynch and PEG methods well above the price on the company's strong historical EPS growth, so the engine concludes the price is justified by relative multiples. The earnings-power frame is the dissent, lands in the mid-$30s capitalizing normalized operating income with no growth, which says the stock is expensive against a static, no-growth base. The asset family sits in the low-to-mid $60s on a $40.66 book value with a 12.4% ROE, modestly below the price. The growth-DCF and FCF frames are gated off because trailing free cash flow is negative, a working-capital artifact of fast distribution growth rather than a profitability problem, so they should not be read as a value signal.
The honest synthesis is that ePlus is fairly valued on its current trajectory: cheap enough on relative multiples to be reasonable, full enough on earnings power to require continued growth and mix improvement to justify. The reconciliation between the supportive relative frames and the cautious earnings frame is growth: the price is defensible if ePlus keeps growing operating profit in the mid-single digits or better and lifts its services share, and it is full if growth stalls or product margins compress. That is the appropriate read for a debt-free integrator riding a real demand cycle at a reasonable multiple.
Catalysts
The catalysts run through the AI-infrastructure spending cycle and the services-mix transition. ePlus reported fiscal 2026 results (year ended March 31, 2026) with revenue up 22% to $2.4 billion, gross billings up 17% to $3.8 billion, services revenue up 15.6% to $462.9 million, and adjusted EBITDA up 50% to $205 million, with Q4 gross billings up nearly 12% on sustained AI, cloud, and networking demand. The company raised its quarterly dividend 8% to $0.27. The forward watch item is whether enterprise AI-infrastructure spending sustains the double-digit gross-billings growth, since that demand is what has driven the recent acceleration, and whether gross margin (25.8% in fiscal 2026, up 40 basis points) continues to improve.
The strategic catalyst is the services-mix shift. Management is explicitly targeting a 25% service-to-total-gross-profit ratio to lift its valuation multiple toward peers, and progress on professional and managed services growth is the clearest path to a re-rating, because higher services mix means stickier, higher-margin revenue. The strategic relationships with Cisco, NVIDIA, and Pure Storage are the supply backbone for that growth, so any change in those vendor partnerships is a swing factor in both directions. Analyst coverage is thin, with a Buy-leaning consensus and price targets clustered roughly in the $90s to $120s, above the current quote, though some have trimmed targets on slightly softer margin assumptions. The clearest upside triggers are sustained AI-driven billings growth and continued services-mix gains; the clearest risk triggers are product-margin commodity pressure, a vendor channel-strategy change, or a cooling in enterprise hardware spending.
Peer Cohorts (Per Segment, With Filing Citations)
Product (reported)
- CDW (CDW CORP)
- FY2025 10-K: …customer end-market needs. Our sellers are organized around unique customer end-markets that are both vertically and geographically focused. Our scale enables our ability to invest in specialists and engineers who work directly with our sellers to help customers implement complex IT solutions. We have cross-border…
- FY2025 10-K: …programs, such as purchase or sales rebates and cooperative advertising reimbursements. We also purchase software from major software publishers and cloud providers for resale to our customers or for inclusion in the solutions we offer. Our agreements allow us to resell cloud based solutions, software or other…
- SNX (TD SYNNEX CORPORATION)
- FY2025 10-K: …complex deployments, drive renewals and deepen our relationships with our customers. Our Products and Suppliers We offer a comprehensive catalog of more than 200,000 technology products (as measured by active SKU's) from approximately 2,500 OEMs, including personal computing devices, mobile phones and accessories,…
- FY2025 10-K: …OEM suppliers for volume promotion programs, price protection and product rebates are recorded as adjustments to cost of revenue and/or the carrying value of inventories, as appropriate. Where there is a binding agreement, the Company tracks vendor promotional programs for volume discounts on a program-by-program…
- CNXN (PC CONNECTION, INC.)
- FY2025 10-K: …ensures worldwide coverage for our multinational customers, delivering global procurement solutions through our network of in-country suppliers in over 150 countries. The "Connection" brand includes Connection Enterprise Solutions, Connection Business Solutions, and Connection Public Sector Solutions, which provide…
- FY2025 10-K: …orders in our backlog that are material to our business, and as a result, we do not believe that backlog as of any particular dates is an indication of future results. PRODUCTS AND MERCHANDISING We continuously focus on expanding the breadth of our product and service offerings. We currently offer our customers…
- NSIT (INSIGHT ENTERPRISES, INC.)
- FY2025 10-K: …We believe our relations with our teammates are good, and we have never experienced a labor related work stoppage. Our teammates by job function were as follows: Job Function Number of Teammates Sales 3,561 Skilled, certified consulting and service delivery professionals 6,688 Total sales and client facing teammates…
- FY2025 10-K: 4 $ 23,790 $ 503,988 86 INSIGHT ENTERPRISES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued) Year Ended December 31, 2024 North America EMEA APAC Consolidated Net sales: Hardware $ 4,038,341 $ 501,111 $ 35,448 $ 4,574,900 Software 1,721,403 626,372 92,965 2,440,740 Services 1,294,836 286,614 104,608…
- WCC (WESCO International, Inc.)
- FY2025 10-K: …agreements with more than 450 preferred suppliers and approximately 68% of our purchases are made pursuant to these arrangements. We offer a wide range of sustainable products from the world's leading manufacturers and help our customers determine solutions to meet their sustainability goals. Key categories include…
- FY2025 10-K: …below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially…
- INGM (Ingram Micro Holding Corp)
- FY2025 10-K: …we offer customers the product categories listed below broken down under the respective line of business. Product, Line of Business and Global Presence • Client and Endpoint Solutions. We offer a variety of higher-volume products targeted for corporate and individual end users, including desktop personal computers,…
- FY2025 10-K: …sales in Fiscal Year 2025, Fiscal Year 2024, and Fiscal Year 2023, respectively, from products purchased from HP Inc. We also generated approximately 10 %, 7 %, and 7 % of our consolidated net sales during the Fiscal Year 2025, Fiscal Year 2024 and Fiscal Year 2023, respectively, from products purchased from Lenovo.…
- ARW (ARROW ELECTRONICS, INC.)
- FY2025 10-K: …of data intelligence, 5% consist of networking, and 9% consist of other products and services. 5 Table of Contents Customers and Suppliers The company and its affiliates serve thousands of industrial and commercial customers. Industrial customers range from major OEMs and EMS providers to small engineering and…
- FY2025 10-K: …through registered engineered designs and schematics showing the use of suppliers' components in the company's customers' future products. Providing these services, primarily through the efforts of field application engineers, generally leads to longer and more profitable relationships that benefit the company as…
- AVT (AVNET, INC.)
- FY2025 10-K: …appearing in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Electronic Components Avnet's EC operating group primarily supports high and medium-volume customers. It markets, sells, and distributes electronic components from many of the world's leading electronic component manufacturers, including semiconductors, IP&E…
- FY2025 10-K: …shipment, but it may occur at a later date depending on the agreed upon sales terms (such as delivery at the customer's designated location, or when products that are consigned at customer locations are consumed). In limited instances, where products are not in stock and delivery times are critical, product is…
Professional services (reported)
- CDW (CDW CORP)
- FY2025 10-K: …to the customer is that of a distributor or sales agent of the services, where all obligations for providing the services to customers are passed to the Company's vendors. The Company's performance obligations are satisfied at the time of the sale. With most EAs, the Company's vendors will transfer the license and…
- FY2025 10-K: …Changes in delivery patterns may result in a different number of business days estimated to make this adjustment. For the sale of professional services, we recognize the revenue over time given that our customers simultaneously receive and consume the benefits from these services as they are performed. Depending on…
- NSIT (INSIGHT ENTERPRISES, INC.)
- FY2025 10-K: …detail below. Time and Materials Services Contracts We recognize revenue for professional services engagements that are on a time and materials basis based upon hours incurred for the performance completed to date for which we have the right to consideration, even if such amounts have not yet been invoiced as of…
- FY2025 10-K: …net sales category in our consolidated statements of operations. Vendor Direct Support Services Contracts Clients may purchase a vendor direct support services contract through us. Under these contracts, our clients call the manufacturer/publisher or its designated service organization directly for both the initial…
- CNXN (PC CONNECTION, INC.)
- FY2025 10-K: SUPPORT Since our founding in 1982, our primary objective has been to provide products and services that meet the demands and needs of our customers and to supplement those products with up-to-date product information and excellent customer service and support. We believe that offering our customers superior value,…
- FY2025 10-K: , regardless of changes to their employee base. Customers are charged an annual true-up fee for changes in the number of users over the year. With most EAs, our vendors will transfer the license and bill the customer directly, paying resellers, such as us, an agency fee or commission on these sales. We record these…
- EXLS (EXLSERVICE HOLDINGS, INC.)
- FY2025 10-K: Healthcare and Life Sciences: Our Healthcare and Life Sciences IMU primarily serves U.S.-based healthcare payers, providers, pharmacy benefit managers ("PBMs"), and life sciences organizations, helping them address their operational, regulatory and customer-facing dynamic business challenges. We combine deep…
- FY2025 10-K: …to our clients. For healthcare providers, we offer revenue cycle management, digital transformation, data-driven analytics and contact center solutions. For PBMs, we provide digital transformation, data and analytics and call center modernization. Our integrated care management offering, including our proprietary…
- CTSH (COGNIZANT TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS CORPORATION)
- FY2025 10-K: …professional services company, we compete on the basis of the knowledge, experience, insights, skills and talent of our employees and the value they can provide to our clients. We closely monitor attrition trends focusing on the metric that we believe is most relevant to our business. For the year ended December 31,…
- FY2025 10-K: …services include consulting, application development, systems integration, quality engineering and assurance services as well as software solutions and related services while our outsourcing services include application maintenance, infrastructure and security as well as business process services. Revenues are…
- EPAM (EPAM SYSTEMS, INC.)
- FY2025 10-K: …for modern platforms including web media streaming, mobile information delivery, print to digital transformations and information discovery and search. Our solutions aid our clients in developing new revenue sources, accelerating content management, delivery and monetization, and reaching broader audiences. We serve…
- FY2025 10-K: …license is transferred to the client. Revenues from licenses which do not have stand-alone functionality are recognized over time. If there is an uncertainty about the receipt of payment for the services, revenue recognition is deferred until the uncertainty is sufficiently resolved. The Company applies a practical…
Managed services (reported)
- CDW (CDW CORP)
- FY2025 10-K: …center services, such as managed and remote managed services, server co-location, internet connectivity, and data backup and storage. Similar to professional services revenue, the Company is the principal in providing these services. Generally, hosted and managed services represent stand-ready obligations and,…
- FY2025 10-K: …to the customer is that of a distributor or sales agent of the services, where all obligations for providing the services to customers are passed to the Company's vendors. The Company's performance obligations are satisfied at the time of the sale. With most EAs, the Company's vendors will transfer the license and…
- NSIT (INSIGHT ENTERPRISES, INC.)
- FY2025 10-K: …net sales category in our consolidated statements of operations. Vendor Direct Support Services Contracts Clients may purchase a vendor direct support services contract through us. Under these contracts, our clients call the manufacturer/publisher or its designated service organization directly for both the initial…
- FY2025 10-K: …the agent in the transaction, revenue is recognized when the parties agree to the purchase of the cloud or SaaS offerings as our agency services are then complete. Often, these agency fees are based on end-client usage and therefore are variable throughout the term of the service contract. Where this variable…
- CNXN (PC CONNECTION, INC.)
- FY2025 10-K: …all of the benefit from these arrangements through the third-party delivered software maintenance, which provides software updates and other support services. We do not have control over the delivery of these performance obligations, and accordingly we are the agent in these transactions. We recognize revenue for…
- FY2025 10-K: …services transferred over the underlying contract period. On-premise licenses are considered distinct performance obligations when sold with the software maintenance, as the Company sells these items separately. The Company recognizes revenue related to the software maintenance as the agent in these transactions…
- EXLS (EXLSERVICE HOLDINGS, INC.)
- FY2025 10-K: …infrastructure and other business services. By integrating deep domain expertise with AI-driven decision-making, we enable financial institutions to innovate, enhance operational agility, and adapt to evolving market demands. We embed analytics and AI across the entire customer lifecycle, from acquisition, customer…
- FY2025 10-K: Healthcare and Life Sciences: Our Healthcare and Life Sciences IMU primarily serves U.S.-based healthcare payers, providers, pharmacy benefit managers ("PBMs"), and life sciences organizations, helping them address their operational, regulatory and customer-facing dynamic business challenges. We combine deep…
- CTSH (COGNIZANT TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS CORPORATION)
- FY2025 10-K: …and insurance companies. Demand in this segment is driven by our clients' need to modernize legacy technology environments, strengthen operational resilience and adopt cloud, data and AI capabilities to meet evolving customer expectations and regulatory requirements. Our clients are expanding enterprise AI adoption…
- FY2025 10-K: …companies. Demand in this segment is driven by our clients' need for services related to AI adoption, modernization of business and technology operations, development of agentic ecosystems for the generation of new revenue streams, enhancing user experiences and driving operational efficiency. In response to this…
Methodology Note
- Priced-in inversion: the valuation is inverted on the current price to recover the operating-income growth, duration, and steady-state margin the price embeds (ROE for financials, FFO growth for REITs).
- Valuation x-ray: the valuation models, grouped into four families (asset, earnings, relative, growth). Each model is expressed as a price/FV ratio (distance from price), not a point fair-value estimate. The spread across families is the disagreement.
- Economic-unit decomposition (SOTP): each disclosed business unit is assigned its native valuation basis before any multiple is applied. Operating units are valued on enterprise value; funded financial units are valued on their own common equity, because their borrowings fund earning assets rather than levering the parent. A company total is stated only once every material unit carries a supported value and the parent capital bridge reconciles.
- Solvency: net cash/debt, net-debt-to-NOPAT, interest coverage, and share-count CAGR from EDGAR financials (net debt / FFO and fixed-charge coverage for REITs; regulatory-capital framing for financials).
- Peer cohorts: per-segment comparables with deep-linkable SEC filing citations.
Fundamentals sourced from SEC EDGAR filings. Current price from Databento. The priced-in inversion and valuation x-ray are computed by the boothcheck engine; narrative composed by AI from the structured data.