Corebridge Financial, Inc. (CRBG): what the price requires
The current priced-in claim for Corebridge Financial, Inc. (CRBG) is temporarily suppressed because the live engine record is unavailable. The dated report remains a snapshot, not a current market read.
Generated: 2026-07-19 · Source: https://boothcheck.com/report/CRBG
Headline
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Ticker | CRBG |
| Company | Corebridge Financial, Inc. |
| Current price | $30.89/sh |
What The Price Requires (Inversion)
The assumption today's price embeds, recovered by inverting the valuation.
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Inversion basis | financials |
| Price-to-book | 1.31x |
The implied return on book is non-physical at this price-to-book and is suppressed as misleading. The rarity read below is the honest signal.
How unusual the bet is: within-range
| Reference | Value |
|---|---|
| vs own history | -0.29σ |
| cohort percentile (of 80 peers) | 34 |
| sustained it ~10 years at this level | 64% |
| implied end-window share | 0% |
Valuation X-Ray
Every valuation family lands below the price. The price therefore requires assumptions beyond what those standard frames encode.
How the valuation models price the stock relative to the market price. Price/FV above 1.0 means the market pays more than that lens defends (expensive); at or below 1.0 the lens can defend the price.
| Family | Median price/FV | Models | Reads |
|---|---|---|---|
| Asset | 5.53x | 3 | expensive |
| Earnings | 7.15x | 1 | expensive |
| Relative | 2.06x | 1 | expensive |
| Growth | 2.19x | 3 | expensive |
Families that call it expensive: Asset, Earnings, Relative, Growth
The models below discount at their own flat-beta convention rates (cost of equity 9.3%, WACC 0.6%); the inversion above states its own rate.
Per-Model Detail (n=8)
| Model | Family | FV | Price/FV | Applicable | Methodology |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DCF Perpetual Growth | Growth | — | — | no | — |
| Bank Fair Value (P/TBV) | — | $10.85 | 2.85x | yes | TBVPS $22.82 × 0.48x (ROE (TTM) 2.3% / CoE 9.3%, g=1.5% (sustainable: 65% retention × ROE, 5% cap; not the terminal-growth assumption), credit 1.39% allowance/loans → ×0.95) |
| Relative Valuation | Relative | $15.00 | 2.06x | yes | P/E 24.2x (blended: static sector reference 11x + trailing (TTM) 60x), scenarios: 19.5x / 24.2x / 28.9x (bear / base = reference held flat / bull), EV/EBITDA 10x |
| Simple DDM | Growth | $14.10 | 2.19x | yes | DPS $0.96, g=2.3% (sustainable: ROE (TTM) × retention; not the terminal-growth assumption), ke=9.3% |
| Two-Stage DDM | Growth | $1.96 | 15.76x | yes | Stage 1: -40% for 5yr, Stage 2: 3.5% perpetual |
| Simple Excess Return | Asset | $5.59 | 5.53x | yes | BV/sh $22.82, ROE (TTM) 2.3%, ke 9.3% |
| Two-Stage Excess Return | Asset | $3.19 | 9.68x | yes | 5yr excess ROE then converge to ke=9.3% |
| Discounted Future Market Cap | Growth | $37.84 | 0.82x | yes | Rev $18.9B, growth 23% (input: historical growth; tapered), Terminal P/S: 0.6x / 0.8x / 0.9x (bear / base = today's held flat / bull, cap 12x) |
| Growth-Adjusted P/E | Relative | — | — | no | — |
| Margin Trajectory | Growth | — | — | no | — |
| Earnings Power Value | Earnings | — | — | no | — |
| Residual Income | Asset | — | — | no | — |
| Graham Number | Asset | $14.33 | 2.16x | yes | √(22.5 × EPS $0.40 × BVPS $22.82) — Graham's conservative floor |
| EV/EBITDA Relative | Relative | — | — | no | — |
| FCF Yield | Earnings | — | — | no | — |
| SBC-Adj FCF Yield | Earnings | — | — | no | — |
| Ben Graham Formula | Earnings | $0.34 | 90.85x | yes | EPS $0.40 × (8.5 + 2×-5.0%) × (4.4 / 5.3%) (excluded from median) |
| ROIC-Justified P/B | Asset | — | — | no | — |
| P/Sales Sector | Relative | — | — | no | — |
| PEG Fair Value | Relative | — | — | no | — |
| Earnings Yield | Earnings | $4.32 | 7.15x | yes | EPS $0.40 / required return 9.3% (Rf 4.3% + ERP 5.0%) |
| Funds From Operations Multiple | Relative | — | — | no | — |
| Clinical Phase NPV | Growth | — | — | no | — |
| Merton | Asset | — | — | no | — |
| V5 Mechanical | — | — | — | no | — |
Solvency
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Share count CAGR (buyback) | -7.4% |
Deposit/float-funded balance sheet: debt is funding, not corporate leverage, and GAAP operating cash flow follows loan flows. Net-debt, interest-coverage, and cash-burn lenses do not apply. The solvency frame for a financial is regulatory capital and payout capacity (CET1, stress buffer, dividends plus buybacks against earnings).
Bullet Takeaways
- Corebridge Financial is a large US life-insurance and retirement company, spun out of AIG, selling annuities, life insurance, and institutional products. Insurers are valued off price-to-book and the returns they earn on capital, not on an operating multiple.
- The defining near-term event is corporate: in March 2026 Corebridge agreed to an all-stock merger with Equitable Holdings worth about $22 billion, creating a combined firm with $1.5 trillion in assets under management. That deal, plus heavy capital returns, frames the stock more than standalone results.
- At about 1.2x book the price pays a multiple of book value that the company's sustainable return record does not support, which is why no valuation family reaches the price. The capital story (about $4.4B of buybacks completed and a dividend raised to $0.25) is the offset; earnings stability is the question.
Bull Case
The sector lens matters here more than usual, because life insurers are among the hardest businesses to value and Corebridge sits right on that difficulty. An insurer's worth is the return it earns on its capital base relative to the cost of that capital, read through price-to-book rather than an earnings multiple, and the reported earnings are noisy: large non-cash swings from interest-rate moves and hedging flow through the income statement and obscure the underlying spread, fee, and underwriting economics. The 10-K frames the real earnings engine as "an attractive mix of spread income, fee income and underwriting margin" plus a "broad distribution platform" (accession 0001889539-26-000022). Those are the durable streams the headline net-income line hides.
The capital-return story is the clearest part of the case. Corebridge has completed roughly $4.4 billion of share repurchases and raised its quarterly dividend to $0.25, shrinking the share count meaningfully while returning cash to holders. For a financial trading near book value, aggressive buybacks below intrinsic value are directly accretive, and management has signaled willingness to keep repurchasing around key milestones. A higher-rate environment also helps a spread-based annuity business reinvest at better yields than the post-2010 era allowed, supporting investment income over time.
The corporate transformation is the swing factor that reframes the whole equity. In March 2026 Corebridge agreed to merge with Equitable Holdings in an all-stock deal worth about $22 billion, forming a combined company with $1.5 trillion in assets under management and over 12 million clients. Scale in life and retirement matters: it spreads fixed costs, deepens distribution, and strengthens the negotiating position with asset managers and reinsurers. Corebridge also reshaped its book through the Venerable reinsurance transaction, offloading variable-annuity risk. The bull case is a scaled, distribution-rich retirement franchise, returning capital hard near book value, with a transformational merger that could re-rate the combined entity if the integration delivers.
Bear Case
The moat erosion to confront is that a spread-based life and annuity business has a structurally thin and contestable advantage. Corebridge competes for annuity and retirement dollars against a crowded field of insurers, asset managers, and private-capital-backed platforms like Athene and Brighthouse, all chasing the same savers with similar products. The differentiation is largely price and distribution, not a durable moat, and private-equity-owned annuity writers have been aggressive on crediting rates, compressing the spread that is the core profit source. When the product is close to a commodity and competitors are willing to write business at thinner margins, the returns on capital that justify a premium to book are hard to defend.
The valuation makes the disconnect explicit. The price pays a multiple of book value that no sustainable return record the company has posted supports, which is precisely why no valuation family reaches the price: the bank-style price-to-tangible-book model lands near $11, the relative-multiple lens near $15, and the simple-dividend model near $14, all well below the current price. The reported results have been volatile, including a net loss in 2025 driven by the non-cash items that plague the sector, and that volatility makes the earnings base the market is capitalizing genuinely uncertain. Paying above book for a business whose through-cycle return on its capital sits below what the price implies is the central risk.
The merger adds uncertainty rather than removing it. An all-stock combination with Equitable means Corebridge holders take on exchange-ratio and integration risk: the value depends on the combined entity executing, on regulatory approval, and on the market re-rating a much larger, more complex insurer. Large insurance mergers are operationally hard, and the benefits are years out. Interest-rate sensitivity cuts both ways, falling rates would pressure reinvestment yields and the spread, while sharp rate moves whipsaw the hedging results. The bet against Corebridge is that the price already credits a return on capital the competitive, commoditizing annuity market will not let it sustain, and that the Equitable merger introduces execution risk on top of a business whose moat is thin to begin with.
Valuation
Corebridge is valued the way insurers must be, off price-to-book rather than an operating multiple, because the worth of the business is the return it earns on its capital. At roughly 1.2x book the price pays a multiple that the company's sustainable return record does not support; the implied return at this price-to-book is not a figure any honest single number can express, so the read here is qualitative: the market is paying more for the equity than the through-cycle economics of a competitive annuity book justify.
The bank-style price-to-tangible-book model lands near $11, the relative-multiple lens near $15, the simple-dividend model near $14, and the asset-based excess-return methods lower still. The discounted-future-market-cap method near $36 is the lone high outlier and is unreliable for an insurer because it extrapolates revenue rather than capital returns. There is no clean blended operating multiple, which is appropriate, the methods that fit a bank or insurer all sit under the price.
The valuation conclusion is that on the frames built for insurers, the price is full to expensive, justified only if Corebridge sustains returns on its capital above what its recent record and the competitive market suggest, or if the Equitable merger re-rates the combined company. The capital returns near book value are genuinely accretive and are the strongest support for the price. The deciding variables are the durability of the spread and fee economics in a crowded annuity market and the execution of the all-stock merger, not any operating multiple.
Catalysts
The Equitable Holdings merger is the dominant catalyst. The March 2026 all-stock deal worth about $22 billion would create a combined firm with $1.5 trillion in assets under management and over 12 million clients. The events to watch are regulatory approval, shareholder votes, the final exchange ratio, and any integration milestones, since the value of a Corebridge share now depends heavily on the combined entity.
Capital returns are the ongoing catalyst. Corebridge completed roughly $4.4 billion of buybacks and raised its quarterly dividend to $0.25, with management signaling more repurchases around key milestones. Continued buybacks near book value are directly accretive, so the pace of repurchase and any dividend action are the clearest signals of management confidence.
The operating and macro reads center on rates and spreads. As a spread-based annuity and life business, Corebridge benefits from a higher-rate environment for reinvestment but is exposed to non-cash hedging swings that make quarterly earnings volatile. Watch spread income, fee income, and underwriting margin, the durable streams, rather than headline net income. The Venerable reinsurance transaction that offloaded variable-annuity risk is the kind of de-risking move to track. Competitive crediting-rate pressure from private-capital-backed annuity writers is the main external variable on margins.
Sources: Corebridge merger-fueled earnings call (Globe and Mail), Corebridge buybacks and dividend hike (Yahoo Finance), Corebridge Financial overview (Wikipedia)
Peer Cohorts (Per Segment, With Filing Citations)
Individual Retirement (reported)
- EQH (Equitable Holdings, Inc.)
- FY2025 10-K: IndividualMember eqh:PolicyholderAccountBalanceAboveGuaranteedMinimumCreditingRateRangeGreaterThan0150Member eqh:PolicyholderAccountBalanceGuaranteedMinimumCreditingRateRangeFrom150To250Member eqh:RetirementMember 2024-12-31 0001333986 eqh:EQUIVESTIndividualMember…
- FY2025 10-K: …eqh:RetirementMember 2025-12-31 0001333986 eqh:EQUIVESTIndividualMember us-gaap:PolicyholderAccountBalanceAboveGuaranteedMinimumCreditingRateRangeFrom0001To0050Member eqh:PolicyholderAccountBalanceGuaranteedMinimumCreditingRateRangeFrom000To150Member eqh:RetirementMember 2025-12-31 0001333986…
- JXN (Jackson Financial Inc.)
- FY2025 10-K: …500 broker-dealer distribution partners and more than 121,000 appointed advisors across the three traditional broker-dealer channels including independent broker-dealers; banks and other financial institutions, and wirehouses and regional broker-dealers; and • more than 2,100 registered investment advisory firms…
- FY2025 10-K: …2023-01-01 2023-12-31 0001822993 us-gaap:InterestRateSwapMember jxn:DerivativesExcludingFundsWithheldUnderReinsuranceTreatiesMember 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0001822993 us-gaap:InterestRateSwapMember jxn:DerivativesExcludingFundsWithheldUnderReinsuranceTreatiesMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001822993…
- BHF (Brighthouse Financial, Inc.)
- FY2025 10-K: …of an index or indices for fixed index annuities ("FIA"), subject to specified guaranteed minimums. Credited interest rates are guaranteed for at least one year. Our FIA offerings are individual single premium deferred annuity contracts that provide for the potential accumulation of retirement savings as well as an…
- FY2025 10-K: …us-gaap:PolicyholderAccountBalanceGuaranteedMinimumCreditingRateRangeFrom0400AndGreaterMember srt:MinimumMember 2024-12-31 0001685040 bhf:UniversalLifeInsuranceWithSecondaryGuaranteesMember us-gaap:PolicyholderAccountBalanceGuaranteedMinimumCreditingRateRangeFrom0400AndGreaterMember srt:MaximumMember 2024-12-31…
- LNC (LINCOLN NATIONAL CORPORATION)
- FY2025 10-K: …a withdrawal is not taken for a specified period of time) or account balance growth. In addition, we offer the i4LIFE ® Advantage Select GIB and i4LIFE Advantage Secure GIB riders. These riders allow variable annuity contract holders access to and control over their account balance during a portion of the income…
- FY2025 10-K: …lnc:PolicyholderAccountBalanceGuaranteedMinimumCreditingRateRangeFrom4.01AndGreaterMember 2025-12-31 0000059558 lnc:RetirementPlanServicesSegmentMember us-gaap:PolicyholderAccountBalanceAtGuaranteedMinimumCreditingRateMember 2025-12-31 0000059558 lnc:RetirementPlanServicesSegmentMember…
- VOYA (Voya Financial, Inc.)
- FY2025 10-K: …of Full Service, as well as proprietary IRA mutual fund products and other guaranteed payout products. (2) Includes proprietary IRA mutual fund product sold as a manufacturer and a broker dealer distributor. The portion sold through the distributor is eliminated from Total Client Assets. 58 Table of Contents The…
- FY2025 10-K: …a reduction for administrative expenses and manager fees paid to non-affiliated companies from the assets. For estimation purposes, we assume the long-term asset mix will be consistent with the current mix. Changes in the asset mix could impact the amount of recorded pension income or expense, the funded status of…
- AIG (American International Group, Inc.)
- FY2025 10-K: …Reinsurance (in millions) Year Ended December 31, 2025 Accident Years prior to 2016 $ ( 9 ) Accident Years 2016- from tables above ( 22 ) All Accident Years ( 31 ) Prior Year Development for Unallocated Loss Adjustment Expense, Undiscounted and Net of Reinsurance, All Accident Years 17 Prior Year Development for Loss…
- FY2025 10-K: …AIG and our subsidiaries enter into commitments under which we may be required to make payments in the future on a contingent basis. 66 AIG | 2025 Form 10-K TABLE OF CONTENTS ITEM 7 | Liquidity and Capital Resources The following table summarizes Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Commercial Commitments in total, and…
- AMP (AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL INC)
- FY2025 10-K: …us-gaap:CorporateAndOtherMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0000820027 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember amp:InvestmentAdviceInstitutionalMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0000820027 us-gaap:OperatingSegmentsMember amp:InvestmentAdviceModelDeliveryMember amp:AdviceAndWealthManagementMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0000820027…
- FY2025 10-K: 2020, the Company no longer enrolls new employees in the Retirement Plan. Funding of costs for the Retirement Plan complies with the applicable minimum funding requirements specified by ERISA and is held in a trust. The Retirement Plan is a cash balance plan by which the employees' accrued benefits are based on…
- PRU (PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL INC)
- FY2025 10-K: …our Institutional Retirement Strategies business decreased $11,538 million. Excluding the impact of our annual reviews and update of assumptions and other refinements, as discussed above, revenues decreased $11,926 million, primarily reflecting: • lower pension risk transfer premiums due to the absence of significant…
- FY2025 10-K: …from the general account to a separate account; therefore, no gains or losses were recorded. 211 Table of Contents Separate Account Liabilities The balances of and changes in separate account liabilities as of and for the periods ended are as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2025 Retirement Strategies PGIM…
Group Retirement (reported)
- VOYA (Voya Financial, Inc.)
- FY2025 10-K: Retirement • The first quarter of each year tends to have the highest level of recurring deposits in the defined contribution business, due to the increase in participant contributions from the receipt of annual bonus award payments or annual lump sum matches and profit sharing contributions made by many employers.…
- FY2025 10-K: …Note in our Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8. of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. OUR BUSINESSES Retirement Our Retirement segment provides retirement plan solutions and administration technology and services to employers through our Retirement business. It also provides individual retirement…
- PFG (PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL GROUP INC)
- FY2025 10-K: …2025-12-31 0001126328 pfg:WorkplaceSavingsAndRetirementSolutionsMember pfg:PolicyholderAccountBalanceAboveGuaranteedMinimumCreditingRateRangeFrom0051To0100Member pfg:PolicyholderAccountBalanceGuaranteedMinimumCreditingRateRangeFrom0201To0300Member pfg:SegmentRetirementAndIncomeSolutionsMember 2025-12-31 0001126328…
- FY2025 10-K: …2024-12-31 0001126328 us-gaap:DeferredFixedAnnuityMember pfg:PolicyholderAccountBalanceAboveGuaranteedMinimumCreditingRateRangeFrom0051To0100Member pfg:PolicyholderAccountBalanceGuaranteedMinimumCreditingRateRangeFrom0101To0200Member pfg:SegmentRetirementAndIncomeSolutionsMember 2024-12-31 0001126328…
- EQH (Equitable Holdings, Inc.)
- FY2025 10-K: IndividualMember eqh:PolicyholderAccountBalanceAboveGuaranteedMinimumCreditingRateRangeGreaterThan0150Member eqh:PolicyholderAccountBalanceGuaranteedMinimumCreditingRateRangeFrom150To250Member eqh:RetirementMember 2024-12-31 0001333986 eqh:EQUIVESTIndividualMember…
- FY2025 10-K: …eqh:RetirementMember 2025-12-31 0001333986 eqh:EQUIVESTIndividualMember us-gaap:PolicyholderAccountBalanceAboveGuaranteedMinimumCreditingRateRangeFrom0001To0050Member eqh:PolicyholderAccountBalanceGuaranteedMinimumCreditingRateRangeFrom000To150Member eqh:RetirementMember 2025-12-31 0001333986…
- LNC (LINCOLN NATIONAL CORPORATION)
- FY2025 10-K: …employer through the Multi-Fund group variable annuity contract or directly to the individual participant through the Multi-Fund Select variable annuity contract. We earn mortality and expense charges, investment income on the fixed account and surrender charges from this product. We also receive fees for services…
- FY2025 10-K: …do not. • Through a group annuity contract, we offer fixed return products to retirement plans and other institutional contract holders where we do not provide plan recordkeeping services. The fixed annuity is used within small, mid-large and large employer plan sponsors or institutional investors. The contract…
- PRU (PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL INC)
- FY2025 10-K: …pru:GroupInsuranceMember 2023-12-31 0001137774 pru:IndividualFixedMember pru:RetirementStrategiesMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001137774 pru:LifeDisabilityMember pru:GroupInsuranceMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001137774 pru:IndividualFixedMember pru:RetirementStrategiesMember 2022-12-31 0001137774…
- FY2025 10-K: 001137774 pru:IndividualRetirementStrategiesMember pru:RetirementStrategiesMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001137774 pru:GroupInsuranceMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001137774 pru:IndividualLifeMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001137774 us-gaap:CorporateAndOtherMember 2024-12-31 0001137774…
- MET (MetLife, Inc.)
- FY2025 10-K: …srt:MinimumMember met:RetirementAndIncomeSolutionsSegmentMember 2025-12-31 0001099219 met:AnnuitiesAndRiskSolutionsMember us-gaap:PolicyholderAccountBalanceAtGuaranteedMinimumCreditingRateMember us-gaap:PolicyholderAccountBalanceGuaranteedMinimumCreditingRateRangeFrom0400AndGreaterMember…
- FY2025 10-K: …us-gaap:PolicyholderAccountBalanceAboveGuaranteedMinimumCreditingRateRangeFrom0051To0150Member met:RetirementAndIncomeSolutionsSegmentMember 2025-12-31 0001099219 met:CapitalMarketsInvestmentProductsAndStableValueGICsMember…
Life Insurance (reported)
- PRI (Primerica, Inc.)
- FY2025 10-K: …modest savings, and are often more sensitive to 1 cost-of-living pressures. In contrast, clients purchasing investment products range from those just starting to save for the future to those who have accumulated significant assets over time. The financial results of our Term Life Insurance segment benefit from the…
- FY2025 10-K: …periodic payment of premiums. Term life insurance products, which are sometimes referred to as pure protection products, have no savings or investment features. By buying term life insurance rather than cash value life insurance, a policyholder pays a lower premium over the level term period and, as a result, may…
- GL (GLOBE LIFE INC.)
- FY2025 10-K: …collected during the reporting period for all policies in their first policy year. First-year collected premium takes lapses into account in the first year when lapses are more likely to occur, and thus is a useful indicator of how much new premium is expected to be added to premium income in the future. First-year…
- FY2025 10-K: …Method Underwriting Company Products and Target Markets Distribution Direct to Consumer Division Globe Life And Accident Insurance Company McKinney, Texas Individual life and supplemental health limited-benefit insurance including juvenile and senior life coverage and Medicare Supplement to lower middle-income to…
- LNC (LINCOLN NATIONAL CORPORATION)
- FY2025 10-K: …include premium payments, cost of insurance assessments, expense and fee charges and investment income. In turn, this segment incurs expenses, which include paying death claims, long-term care claims, and surrender benefits, crediting interest, and accruing reserves for future claim payments, as well as other…
- FY2025 10-K: Term and Lincoln LifeElements ® Level Term. Distribution The Life Insurance segment's products are sold through LFD. LFD provides the Life Insurance segment with access to financial intermediaries in the following primary distribution channels: wire/regional firms; independent planner firms; financial institutions;…
- MET (MetLife, Inc.)
- FY2025 10-K: …party is still living. Variable Life Insurance Insurance coverage through a contract that gives the policyholder flexibility in investment choices and, depending on the product, in premium payments and coverage amounts, with certain guarantees. Premiums and account balances can be directed by the policyholder into a…
- FY2025 10-K: …to play a "niche" role. We also have a strong market presence in emerging markets, leveraging a multi-channel distribution strategy. Our businesses in EMEA use captive and independent agency, independent brokerage, bancassurance, corporate solutions and direct-to-consumer distribution channels. Major Products Life…
- PRU (PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL INC)
- FY2025 10-K: …and expenses based on specific product features. While the majority of our premiums are derived from the National Market segment (over 5,000 benefit-eligible employees), we continue to diversify our book through growth of the Premier Market (between 100-5,000 benefit-eligible employees) and Association segments…
- FY2025 10-K: …from assets related to the reinsurance transaction with Wilton Re and lower income from non-coupon investments, partially offset by lower losses from derivatives. This variance was partially offset by: 65 Table of Contents • higher policy charges and fee income, due to business growth and favorable equity market…
- BHF (Brighthouse Financial, Inc.)
- FY2025 10-K: …insurance product offering and generally have lower premiums than other forms of life insurance. Term life products may allow the policyholder to continue coverage beyond the guaranteed level premium period, generally at an elevated cost. Some of our term life policies allow the policyholder to convert the policy…
- FY2025 10-K: …to the American Council of Life Insurers (Life Insurers Fact Book 2025), the U.S. life insurance industry is made up of 711 companies with sales and operations across the country and U.S. territories. We compete with major, well-established stock and mutual life insurance companies and non-insurance financial…
- JXN (Jackson Financial Inc.)
- FY2025 10-K: …Statements | 9. Reserves for Future Policy Benefits and Claims Payable For limited-payment insurance contracts, premiums are paid over a period shorter than the period over which benefits are provided. Gross premiums received in excess of the net premium are deferred and recognized as a deferred profit liability…
- FY2025 10-K: …to contract holders. Institutional Products The Company's Institutional Products segment consists of traditional guaranteed investment contracts ("GICs") and funding agreements. The Company's GIC products are marketed to defined contribution pension and profit-sharing retirement plans. Funding agreements are marketed…
Institutional Markets (reported)
- MET (MetLife, Inc.)
- FY2025 10-K: …markets, independent pricing services, or independent broker quotations. We determine the estimated fair value of privately placed securities after considering one of three primary sources of information: market standard internal matrix pricing, market standard internal discounted cash flow techniques, or independent…
- FY2025 10-K: …to assess activity, comparing prices from multiple independent pricing services and ongoing due diligence to confirm that independent pricing services use market-based parameters. The process includes a determination of the observability of inputs used in estimated fair values received from independent pricing…
- PRU (PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL INC)
- FY2025 10-K: …and efficiency of withdrawals for contracts with living benefit features, as well as other assumptions. 5 Table of Contents Competition Institutional Retirement Strategies. We compete with other large, well-established insurance companies, asset managers and diversified financial institutions primarily based on…
- FY2025 10-K: …Advisors, Prudential's proprietary nationwide advice organization. Revenues and Profitability Institutional Retirement Strategies. Our revenues primarily come in the form of premiums associated with insurance and reinsurance contracts and payout annuities, policy charges and fee income based on account values of…
- EQH (Equitable Holdings, Inc.)
- FY2025 10-K: …assets and liabilities traded in the OTC market are determined using quantitative models that require use of the contractual terms of the derivative instruments and multiple market inputs, including interest rates, prices, and indices to generate continuous yield or pricing curves, including overnight index swap…
- FY2025 10-K: …and unconstrained strategies across taxable and tax-exempt markets, encompassing government, corporate, securitized, emerging market, and municipal securities, with a focus on income generation, risk management, liquidity, and diversification; • Multi-Asset Solutions, including outcome-oriented and asset-allocation…
- BHF (Brighthouse Financial, Inc.)
- FY2025 10-K: …of interest and return on principal at the contractual maturity date. We mitigate our risks by applying various ALM strategies. A breakdown of account value subject to minimum guaranteed crediting rates can be found in Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. As a result of acquisitions, we…
- FY2025 10-K: …and the allowance for credit losses. Fixed Maturity Securities Credit Quality - Ratings Rating agency ratings are based on availability of applicable ratings from rating agencies on the NAIC credit rating provider list, including Moody's, S&P, Fitch, Dominion Bond Rating Service and Kroll Bond Rating Agency. If no…
- RGA (REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA INC)
- FY2025 10-K: …rga:InvestmentRelatedGainsLossesMember 2023-01-01 2023-12-31 0000898174 rga:InterestSensitiveContractLiabilitiesEmbeddedDerivativesMember rga:InvestmentRelatedGainsLossesMember 2023-01-01 2023-12-31 0000898174 us-gaap:CorporateDebtSecuritiesMember us-gaap:InterestIncomeMember 2023-01-01 2023-12-31 0000898174…
- FY2025 10-K: …2023-01-01 2023-12-31 0000898174 us-gaap:USGovernmentAgenciesDebtSecuritiesMember us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeMember 2023-01-01 2023-12-31 0000898174 us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesMember us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeMember 2023-01-01 2023-12-31 0000898174 us-gaap:ShortTermInvestmentsMember us-gaap:InvestmentIncomeMember 2023-01-01…
Methodology Note
- Priced-in inversion: the valuation is inverted on the current price to recover the operating-income growth, duration, and steady-state margin the price embeds (ROE for financials, FFO growth for REITs).
- Valuation x-ray: the valuation models, grouped into four families (asset, earnings, relative, growth). Each model is expressed as a price/FV ratio (distance from price), not a point fair-value estimate. The spread across families is the disagreement.
- Solvency: net cash/debt, net-debt-to-NOPAT, interest coverage, and share-count CAGR from EDGAR financials (net debt / FFO and fixed-charge coverage for REITs; regulatory-capital framing for financials).
- Peer cohorts: per-segment comparables with deep-linkable SEC filing citations.
Fundamentals sourced from SEC EDGAR filings. Current price from Databento. The priced-in inversion and valuation x-ray are computed by the boothcheck engine; narrative composed by AI from the structured data.